Saudi EFL Learners Awareness of World Englishes-(Second Language Essay

Saudi EFL Learners Awareness of World Englishes-(Second Language Varieties) - Essay Example The essential methods by which these streams and systems are set up and kept up is using a typical contact language. English, the most broadly diffused contact language, is the essential semantic channel through which these streams take place†¦ English is in this way a globalized wonder that is persistently being LOCALIZED during its endless collaborations. The way that globalization is a quick procedure endorses that youngsters should be capable in the English language to be skillful in their universal dealings (Doman, 2005). Because of the wide expansion of learning English language, different societies have embraced the language and incorporated their own social flavor in it. World Englishes are types of the English language that non-local English speakers use with local English being American and/or British English. Individuals from a specific culture utilize English to suit their own correspondence styles. Thinking about the assortment of societies on the planet, there are currently more non-local English-speakers than local speakers (Jenkins, 2006; Canagarajah, 2007). This incorporates Saudi Arabian nationals. 1.2 Aims and Objectives 1.3 The Field of World Englishes 'New Englishes' or 'World Englishes' is typically used to allude to the new assortments of English. Mesthrie and Bhatt (2008) express that it has gotten standard to utilize the plural structure 'Englishes' to stretch the decent variety to be found in the language today, and to push that English no longer has one single base of power, renown and normativity. The creators explain that World Englishes speaks to all assortments aside from the L1 assortments of spots like the UK and USA (Mesthrie and Bhatt, 2008). Accrdoging to Hoffmann and Siebers (2009), what is regularly alluded to as the English language is in actuality a heterogeneous and semantically intriguing gathering of first (L1), second (L2) and unknown dialect assortments. An increasingly fitting spread term is in this manner Worl d Englishes, which features the decent variety and overall dispersion of these assortments (Hoffmann and Siebers (2009). Salikoko S. Mufwene alludes to the thought of environment, which is the idea acquired from science to give an away from into the arrangement of New Englishes. Focussing on the indigenization of English in North America, Mufwene claims that American English rose as an assortment particular from British English lingos because of an association of a few natural variables (fauna, greenery, and financial structures just as the talking propensities and informative needs of a portion of its speakers). Hoffmann and Siebers (2009). In this way; the particular vernacular of English that emerged in Northern America is an aftereffect of the all inclusive biological instruments of language contact. Mesthrie and Bhatt underscore that sociolinguists need to recognize that network perspectives and desires are significant. Kachru himself recognized that there are numerous ambiguit ies, where language mentalities are concerned: The non-local speakers themselves have not had the option to acknowledge what might be named the 'biological legitimacy' of their nativised or nearby Englishes. One would have anticipated such acknowledgment, given the cultural assimilation and phonetic nativisation of the new assortments. Then again, the non-local models of English (such

How important has Hollywood been in influencing Chinese filmmaking Dissertation

How significant has Hollywood been in affecting Chinese filmmaking since the 1980s - Dissertation Example The filmmaking business is perfectly healthy. In view of worldwide incomes from films, filmmaking is commonly an exceptionally gainful exchange. In the present period of globalization, the effect of the filmmaking business has likewise crossed outskirts, with Hollywood movies affecting the universal film industry and nearby filmmaking ventures like China and India additionally affecting on the Hollywood filmmaking industry. Because of the proportional intrigue which has developed on filmmaking in various nations, explicit impacts have likewise risen on how movies are made when all is said in done. In the previous 50 years, the Chinese film industry has impacted Hollywood filmmaking, regarding plot lines just as activity groupings. In the previous barely any decades in any case, the Hollywood film industry has taken a turn in affecting and affecting on the Chinese filmmaking industry. ... Hollywood impact/sway on Chinese film industry The critical mechanical advancement which the western world has brought into media outlets affected essentially on China (Zhu, 2003). The across the board utilization of TVs in Chinese homes caused a much increasingly critical interest for such innovation (Zhu, 2003). Studios likewise observed the need to put resources into network shows, including dramas. The market for TV ads likewise rose with expanding co-creation forms made with different financial specialists. As the 1990s attracted to a nearby, the Chinese film industry turned out to be progressively expanded. The fifth and 6th era movie producers were increasingly occupied with financing creations which could be discharged in the worldwide setting (Zhang, 1999). The administration likewise kept on putting resources into fundamental song films. The Chinese producers additionally found a market in lower spending films, generally in comedies and sentiments. Network shows likewise ob served an emotional ascent in TV arrangement creations, enhancing the choices of movie producers not simply in significant endeavor films (Zhang, 1999). Progressively sensational changes additionally rose with the passage of China to the World Trade Organization. Its participation into the WTO and its increasingly open market, China has looked to welcome more watchers into the cinemas with its component Chinese movies and Hollywood creations (Wheeler, 2012). About 70% of movies appeared in China are from Hollywood, making them a critical supporter of China’s true to life industry. Hollywood effect on China has additionally been obvious regarding the weight it has forced on the Chinese producers, generally as far as creating blockbusters which can enough rival Hollywood movies (Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance, 2004). The film by

5 Ways Tech Teams Save Time with MeisterTask and Zapier - Focus

5 Ways Tech Teams Save Time with MeisterTask and Zapier - Focus When you’re managing a team across different projects, departments and maybe even locations, there’s a lot of room to miss out on something important. Whether it’s a looming deadline or a forgotten email, things can slip through the cracks. Tools like  Zapier  help teams to get everything they need in one place. By connecting over 750 apps via their so-called Zaps, teams can set up all sorts of automatic workflows. Want to Slack someone whenever you complete a task? No problem. Want to automatically order a pizza every time youre assigned a new task? The pizzas could get expensive, but its possible! We spoke with five tech teams about how they’re using Zapier alongside task management tool MeisterTask to ensure all team tasks get seen through efficiently. Here are their top tips: 1. Build a Visual Roadmap Using Kanban boards like the kind MeisterTask provides, your team can build a visual roadmap for each project or workflow youre working on. With  each Project Board, team members and leaders can have a quick overview of everything that’s in the pipeline, in progress and already completed. At MeisterLabs, this is how the growth team manage experiments via their MeisterTask Growth Experiments Project Board. To come up with new experiments, the team use a Google Sheet to evaluate current product issues or user hold-ups, as well as new solutions to try.  The team then use the  Google Sheets Zap to automatically create a MeisterTask task for each new Google Sheet row added. As a result, all new ideas are added as tasks in the ‘Upcoming’ section of the Growth Experiments Project Board. If your team uses Google Sheets to collate ideas, make sure nothing is missed with the Google Sheets to MeisterTask Zap: 2. Automate Your Product  Updates The real estate technology company, LiveBy,  use MeisterTask and Zapier for a similar effect: monitoring the development of their product as new features and bug fixes move across the different stages of their development process. “Once we’ve decided on an improvement in a brainwriting session, using MindMeister, we take the idea through our design to implementation process. MeisterTask is the cornerstone of this process for our products. Our backlog of tasks goes through the many stages of our Project Boards, until the changes are successfully implemented,” CEO, Cory Scott, shares. Discover a more productive workflow Sign up for MeisterTask Its free! Sign up for MeisterTask All involved team members will remain as ‘Watchers’ on the task, meaning everyone is kept in the loop as the task progresses. The team then uses the Slack integration via Zapier to update those who aren’t yet ‘watching’ the task. “Whenever a task is moved from one phase to the next, the Slack Zap informs our team members. This means that once a  task is moved to the quality assurance stage, for example, a meeting will be organized. This allows the relevant stakeholders to then judge whether the change should be implemented. Once the change has been made live, the whole team is notified. We can then double-check that it looks as expected on the live site.” Keep your team updated, automatically, using the MeisterTask to Slack Zap: 3. Save Time  Switching Between Apps By collating all communication in one place, MeisterTask and Zapier can prevent teams from needing to swap between different platforms. Jeff Wilensky, the President of Salesforce implementation company, RelationEdge, shares that he uses MeisterTask to stay out of his emails and remain focused. When wanting to check in on a task, Jeff simply communicates with team members via the relevant tasks comment section: Not only does Zapiers integration with MeisterTask help save time, it keeps our team organized and makes collaboration a breeze. Im able to easily check in on the status of tasks without having to create an entirely new email thread. When working outside of MeisterTask, Jeff uses Zapier’s Chrome extension to create new MeisterTask tasks straight from his browser. In one click, Jeff can enter his to-do and Zapier will automatically add it to his designated Project Board. Both workflows enable Jeff and his team to remain focused, without needing to swap between platforms. Try the Zapier Chrome extension to do the same: 4. Work Towards Inbox Zero Apple education trainer James Hannam  also uses MeisterTask with Zapier to cut down on time spent in emails. To remain focused and edge towards inbox zero, James uses the Gmail to task Zap: “When receiving school requests, its annoying to have to switch between apps to manually input emails into MeisterTask. Using the Gmail to MeisterTask Zap, I can simply forward an email to a specified address and Zapier will create the task in MeisterTask for me with the email contents as the description and the email subject as the task title. This process saves a lot of copying and pasting when tasks roll in thick and fast.”   By turning all actionable emails into tasks, teams can ensure that important to-dos dont get lost in a packed-out inbox.  The tasks act as a handy reminder to respond  while enabling you to cut down on that unread email figure. Turn your emails into actionable to-dos and step towards inbox zero with Zapier’s Gmail to MeisterTask Zap: 5. Create a Clear Team Schedule Having deadlines strewn across emails, chat channels, calendars, and post-it notes can get a little confusing. Fortunately, all of these deadlines and dates can be collated in one place using MeisterTask and Zapier. If you use Google Calendar, your team can ensure that all dates are added to MeisterTask as tasks via Zapier. The Zap provides an overview of your upcoming deadlines and appointments within MeisterTask, without having to switch between platforms. Suzanne Musin, director of customer success at ScheduleOnce, uses the Zap between MeisterTask and scheduling platform, ScheduleOnce, to manage her team’s schedule. Using the Zap, all of Suzannes ScheduleOnce bookings are added as tasks to their Bookings Project Board. The customer success team can then review and process all bookings simply and efficiently.   “It can take a long time to individually review all booking notifications for a whole team.  But when I read through the bookings all together in MeisterTask, they’re all organized together in one section, with all the information required to make key decisions. This way, I’m able to quickly review every booking our department receives. It’s easier to keep my finger on the pulse of our customer base and on my team’s activities. As a result, I can ensure that both have what they need before and during the meeting,”  Suzanne shares. Set up your own Zap between ScheduleOnce and MeisterTask, using Zapier: So, that’s how five tech teams use MeisterTask and Zapier together to manage their projects and teamwork. How do you manage teamwork in your company? We’d love to hear from you in the comments below! Discover a more productive workflow Sign up for MeisterTask Its free! Sign up for MeisterTask 5 Ways Tech Teams Save Time with MeisterTask and Zapier - Focus When you’re managing a team across different projects, departments and maybe even locations, there’s a lot of room to miss out on something important. Whether it’s a looming deadline or a forgotten email, things can slip through the cracks. Tools like  Zapier  help teams to get everything they need in one place. By connecting over 750 apps via their so-called Zaps, teams can set up all sorts of automatic workflows. Want to Slack someone whenever you complete a task? No problem. Want to automatically order a pizza every time youre assigned a new task? The pizzas could get expensive, but its possible! We spoke with five tech teams about how they’re using Zapier alongside task management tool MeisterTask to ensure all team tasks get seen through efficiently. Here are their top tips: 1. Build a Visual Roadmap Using Kanban boards like the kind MeisterTask provides, your team can build a visual roadmap for each project or workflow youre working on. With  each Project Board, team members and leaders can have a quick overview of everything that’s in the pipeline, in progress and already completed. At MeisterLabs, this is how the growth team manage experiments via their MeisterTask Growth Experiments Project Board. To come up with new experiments, the team use a Google Sheet to evaluate current product issues or user hold-ups, as well as new solutions to try.  The team then use the  Google Sheets Zap to automatically create a MeisterTask task for each new Google Sheet row added. As a result, all new ideas are added as tasks in the ‘Upcoming’ section of the Growth Experiments Project Board. If your team uses Google Sheets to collate ideas, make sure nothing is missed with the Google Sheets to MeisterTask Zap: 2. Automate Your Product  Updates The real estate technology company, LiveBy,  use MeisterTask and Zapier for a similar effect: monitoring the development of their product as new features and bug fixes move across the different stages of their development process. “Once we’ve decided on an improvement in a brainwriting session, using MindMeister, we take the idea through our design to implementation process. MeisterTask is the cornerstone of this process for our products. Our backlog of tasks goes through the many stages of our Project Boards, until the changes are successfully implemented,” CEO, Cory Scott, shares. Discover a more productive workflow Sign up for MeisterTask Its free! Sign up for MeisterTask All involved team members will remain as ‘Watchers’ on the task, meaning everyone is kept in the loop as the task progresses. The team then uses the Slack integration via Zapier to update those who aren’t yet ‘watching’ the task. “Whenever a task is moved from one phase to the next, the Slack Zap informs our team members. This means that once a  task is moved to the quality assurance stage, for example, a meeting will be organized. This allows the relevant stakeholders to then judge whether the change should be implemented. Once the change has been made live, the whole team is notified. We can then double-check that it looks as expected on the live site.” Keep your team updated, automatically, using the MeisterTask to Slack Zap: 3. Save Time  Switching Between Apps By collating all communication in one place, MeisterTask and Zapier can prevent teams from needing to swap between different platforms. Jeff Wilensky, the President of Salesforce implementation company, RelationEdge, shares that he uses MeisterTask to stay out of his emails and remain focused. When wanting to check in on a task, Jeff simply communicates with team members via the relevant tasks comment section: Not only does Zapiers integration with MeisterTask help save time, it keeps our team organized and makes collaboration a breeze. Im able to easily check in on the status of tasks without having to create an entirely new email thread. When working outside of MeisterTask, Jeff uses Zapier’s Chrome extension to create new MeisterTask tasks straight from his browser. In one click, Jeff can enter his to-do and Zapier will automatically add it to his designated Project Board. Both workflows enable Jeff and his team to remain focused, without needing to swap between platforms. Try the Zapier Chrome extension to do the same: 4. Work Towards Inbox Zero Apple education trainer James Hannam  also uses MeisterTask with Zapier to cut down on time spent in emails. To remain focused and edge towards inbox zero, James uses the Gmail to task Zap: “When receiving school requests, its annoying to have to switch between apps to manually input emails into MeisterTask. Using the Gmail to MeisterTask Zap, I can simply forward an email to a specified address and Zapier will create the task in MeisterTask for me with the email contents as the description and the email subject as the task title. This process saves a lot of copying and pasting when tasks roll in thick and fast.”   By turning all actionable emails into tasks, teams can ensure that important to-dos dont get lost in a packed-out inbox.  The tasks act as a handy reminder to respond  while enabling you to cut down on that unread email figure. Turn your emails into actionable to-dos and step towards inbox zero with Zapier’s Gmail to MeisterTask Zap: 5. Create a Clear Team Schedule Having deadlines strewn across emails, chat channels, calendars, and post-it notes can get a little confusing. Fortunately, all of these deadlines and dates can be collated in one place using MeisterTask and Zapier. If you use Google Calendar, your team can ensure that all dates are added to MeisterTask as tasks via Zapier. The Zap provides an overview of your upcoming deadlines and appointments within MeisterTask, without having to switch between platforms. Suzanne Musin, director of customer success at ScheduleOnce, uses the Zap between MeisterTask and scheduling platform, ScheduleOnce, to manage her team’s schedule. Using the Zap, all of Suzannes ScheduleOnce bookings are added as tasks to their Bookings Project Board. The customer success team can then review and process all bookings simply and efficiently.   “It can take a long time to individually review all booking notifications for a whole team.  But when I read through the bookings all together in MeisterTask, they’re all organized together in one section, with all the information required to make key decisions. This way, I’m able to quickly review every booking our department receives. It’s easier to keep my finger on the pulse of our customer base and on my team’s activities. As a result, I can ensure that both have what they need before and during the meeting,”  Suzanne shares. Set up your own Zap between ScheduleOnce and MeisterTask, using Zapier: So, that’s how five tech teams use MeisterTask and Zapier together to manage their projects and teamwork. How do you manage teamwork in your company? We’d love to hear from you in the comments below! Discover a more productive workflow Sign up for MeisterTask Its free! Sign up for MeisterTask

Utilitarianism A Perfect Theory - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1061 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Ethics Essay Level High school Tags: Utilitarianism Essay Did you like this example? Given that all sound moral theories are multifaceted outlines for the best methods of action for humanity, we all have our opinions as to which of these theories are valid and which are not. Moreover, given that the innate nature of ethics is subjective, no matter what theory we choose to employ, there will always be an array of negative and positive aspects to them. Simply put, the most accepted definition of utilitarianism is that it is a theory that asserts the best actions are the ones that benefit the majority. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Utilitarianism: A Perfect Theory" essay for you Create order On the other hand, another, less popular definition of this theory is that it is a moral framework that asserts that in the cases in which there are no immediate actions that will benefit the greater good, all actions are banned until the proper remedy can be reached. Either way, while this theory has certainly received its fair share of criticisms, I feel they are mostly undeserved. Of all the theories to choose from, in a perfect world, utilitarianism would serve as the foundation for the vast majority of actions being taken. Furthermore, the latter definition also asserts that even if there are actions that can be taken that may provide some short-term benefits, these actions must be avoided unless the long-term outcomes are in favor of the greater good. Although the notion of a utopia has long since been determined to be widely unrealistic, I am of the belief that utilitarianism is the theory that would bring us closest to it. That said, the following is a closer look at my thoughts on this theory and why it should be the prevailing moral theory of the world. To peacefully exist in a society means to, in many ways, be interdependent. No matter how far we evolve in life or how rich and famous we become, we all need other people in order to survive and thrive. For example, no matter how rich a person may be, if he/she is unable to receive medical care when they need it, they will likely become sick and pass away, much like those who live in poverty. Moreover, even the people of the notoriously barbaric, isolated tribe on North Sentinel Island in Andamans depend upon the government, each other, and trusted vendors in order to remain a healthy and thriving society, despite living in virtual isolation. So, in other words, no man is an island. However, while the prevailing attitude seems to champion those who are self-centered and act in their own best interest, this is not the proper way to build a cohesive society. Indeed, by taking one look around the world, and certainly around the country, ?cohesive is not the word I would ever use to describe American culture. Moreover, as we continue to behave in ways that are hurtful or even deadly to ourselves and others, we continue to spread divisiveness, not only at home but abroad as well. However, I propose the use of utilitarianism could be our ultimate solution. On the other hand, the other definition of utilitarianism asserts that we should avoid acting in cases in which the long-term consequences and implications could be to our collective detriment. For instance, if two nations are at war, it would be wise to enact a ?ceasefire rather than allowing other countries to get involved. On the one hand, no matter which side is winning the battle, there are typically countless lives lost on both sides of the equation. So, while it might be tempting for allied countries to join the battle in order to defend their relationship with a particular country as well as other interests, the ultimate result would just be more turmoil and bloodshed for all parties involved. Therefore, the best action would be to stop acting or to prevent the battle from continuing rather than seeking revenge, although that may be the option that provides the most immediate benefits. Should we still be fighting all these wars, given the number of lives that continue to be lost all over the world? Should we continue our widespread dependence on oil despite the massive consequences to ourselves and the environment? Obviously not. However, we have been fighting wars for many decades (or centuries, depending on how you look at it). Furthermore, we continue to use oil as one of the top commodities, due to allowing the interest of a few control the actions of the masses, despite the ill-effect it continues to have on the environment. These actions have been to our own collective detriment. The ozone layer is depleting, climate change is real and active, and people are dying in wars across the globe every single day. Nevertheless, because of the perceived powerlessness of the masses, we continue to suffer in relative silence. To take is a step further, this is all fueled by capitalism, which is a very self-centered system that allows some to get rich at the cost of the livelihood of others. While naysayers of this theory would assert that utilitarianism can, in certain instances, deny us a sense of justice, I would assert that this all depends on what ones idea of justice entails. For instance, some argue that utilitarianism may favor the use of a sacrificial lamb if this means there will be some sort of benefit for the collective. However, these types of arguments seem to ignore the fact that the best short-term outcome is not the same as the greatest good. That is to say, even if using someone as a scapegoat of sacrificial lamb would be a method of avoiding all-out calamity, this is still not the best course of action for the collective. Although making such a move seems like the best action overall, in the long term, this would leave everyone subject to becoming a scapegoat or sacrificial lamb at some point. This is the opposite of what you would expect out of an ethical, well-functioning society. Overall, in a perfect world, utilitarianism would be the most used theory. In order to ensure that we are looking out for our collective best interest, we need to use theories that make us consider the bigger picture. Utilitarianism is the perfect theory because it forces us to put our personal feelings and opinions aside in order to consider how our actions will ultimately impact humanity as a whole.

Brain Gives Birth to Reality - 1168 Words

Everything that is real is a lie except your thoughts. If someone approached you with this statement you would assume they are insane and you would try to convince them that you are real and the world is real. As you begin to try to prove reality you begin to question yourself, under what circumstances do we understand reality? As we acknowledge what we believe to be realities, we form conclusions and assurances about our own existence and the existence of everything around us. Because our existence is assured through our perception of reality, we believe to be part of an existing real world. The existence of the real world is based upon belief and cannot be proven. The existence of the real world originates from our brains. Reality is†¦show more content†¦Any exposure to love this woman has, her neuronet is conditioned to connect feelings of hate and sadness. As a result of these feelings she becomes angry, which is then embedded in her identity. Her self-hate ultimately ma nifests in her reality because she perceives all love experiences negatively. One can favor the result of their neuronet interaction to the point they become addicted to their emotions. For example the woman who connects love to hurt can become addicted to her emotions of hatred and sadness because these emotions allow her to form an impenetrable wall so that nobody will be able to hurt her and evokes pity from other people. However the side effect of her addiction is that she gets to a point where she can no longer control her emotion. Once you cannot control your emotion, this starts affecting your environment and your relationships with people. The woman mentioned above is Amanda from â€Å"What the Bleep Do You Know?† Amanda is addicted to her emotions of hatred and sadness and becomes blinded by them to the point it manifests in her reality. At a wedding she mistakes the groom cheating on his bride because she was once a bride cheated on by her husband. 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Comparision of Charecters in the Poisonwood Bible and the Mosquito Coast Free Essays

Comparison of characters from ‘The Poisonwood Bible’ and ‘The Mosquito Coast ‘The Mosquito Coast’, directed by Peter Weir, is a movie quite similar in many aspects to the book ‘The Poisonwood Bible’, written by Barbara Kingsolver, one of those aspects being the similarities between the setting and the characters. In both books, the figure-head of the family, Allie Fox (in ‘The Mosquito Coast’) and Nathan Price (from ‘The Poisonwood Bible’) both have similar characteristics, however, different approaches to their ideas. For example, Nathan believes in forcing on his views and ways onto the Congolese people, however, Allie believes in cooperation with them to succeed in his goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparision of Charecters in the Poisonwood Bible and the Mosquito Coast or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both also seem incredibly lifelike as they seem like determined men who are willing to get to their goals at the beginning, however, they seem somewhat more lifelike when they loose something that is close, and become obsessed with their goals, forgetting the welfare of their own families. Both stories are about two families who leave America, their home country, to go to a foreign land. The two ‘heads’, however, leave for very different reasons, but they do somewhat leave their families with no choice but to go with them. In ‘The Mosquito Coast’, Allie takes his family to the Central American rain forests as a means to ‘escape’ America and it’s fate with the Atomic Bombs. Allie also believes that his scientific research is not of any value in America, and believes that his inventions would be more valued if they where taken into areas that have barely been touched by civilization. Nathan, however, leaves his family with no choice when he says that they are moving to the Congo as part of his missionary work. He was actually offered this job, and took it in good stride, believing that he should take his message to places which are less civilized. Nathan Price is a Baptist Minister who lives his life by the Bible. He believes that he is a coward for having escaped the fate of being killed in the Battaan Death March, where his whole team died, but he survive due to prior injuries. After that incident, Nathan became quite obsessed with the idea of God hating him for his cowardice. He vowed never to be a coward again and devoted his life to saving as many souls as he could. Nathan becomes so obsessed with his work that he believed that every obstacle in his way was a ‘test by God’ to see his resilience. Allie, on the other hand, is an inventor, so claimed by his son, Charlie. He seems to be obsessed, yet thinks quite morally. Allie believes that America is dying, so he decides to leave as he thinks it is too ‘painful’ for him to watch something he loves die. He gave the example of his mother, who was in hospital when she said ‘†Why don’t you just give me rat poison? ‘†, whereupon Allie said that he left, as he could not bear watch loosing someone close. Both Nathan and Allie share the same obsession of getting to their goals. So much so, in fact, that they forget about their families welfare and safety almost completely. Even when There is a sudden turn of events, they seem undeterred by what they call their ‘destiny’. Nathan was unmoved by the death of Ruth-May as he sees the rain as an opportunity to baptize the locals, instead of mourn for his daughters loss. Nathan blames the fact that Ruth-May was not actually baptized, hence making her death somewhat ‘acceptable’ to him. Allie believes the destruction of his machine was somewhat supported by Reverend Spellgood. Allie seems to be a very non-religious person, however, he does know the quotes of the Bible. This shows that Allie explores a few possibilities, yet he only decides to expand on those that he likes. In that manner, Nathan is somewhat unwise in his approach to helping the people. He decides, as soon as he arrives at his house in Kilanga, to set up an ‘American Garden’, whereby he will make food for his family as well as show the the people of Kilanga his prosperity just because he does not worship false idols. Nathan attempts to almost force his ways and ideas onto the Congolese people. He seems unbent on his determination to show no cowardice, yet he does not seem willing to accept other ideas. At a point, he does see that Mama Tataba’s technique to plant his beans seem to be more appropriate, and does actually implant those ideas. As time passes by, and he sees not much crowd in the Church, he slightly looses his mind and then decides that all his obstacles where placed by God to deter him and to test him. This is very contrary to what Allie does at the beginning of the movie. Although he may have moved from the USA and dragged his family along, he decides to take a different approach into making his way into the locals hearts. Where Nathan attempted to force his ways onto the locals and believed that he was superior, Allie decided to work with them. He said before the project began ‘†If I don’t work hard enough, you tell me. I am not your boss, I am your friend, and I want to work for you†¦ ‘†. He may have planned out the project, but he certainly did work as though he were under instructions to do what he was told. He seemed very cooperative, and whenever Mother Fox got any materials to share, she enhanced her husbands popularity by sharing those goods, for example the cloth she was given by the missionaries. She made clothes for her daughters and noticed that Mr. Haddy, a local, was eying the cloth, she decided to make one for him. In the next scene, it shows that everyone on that small island was wearing the same yellow piece of cloth in some shape of form. Had Nathan been in this situation, he would probably have told his wife of for giving away their resources to the ‘unsaved’ souls, yet he might also see it as a tactical move to make them go to Church. Allie took this in stride and made the most out of the people’s gratitude towards their family by still making them work hard. Nathan and Allie both seem very lifelike characters in their own environments and also in the real world, they could be anywhere amongst us. Their obsessive and arrogant attitudes can be seen in quite a few people who seem quite determined to get what they want. Nathan seems very lifelike and rationale at the beginning, where the image of a determined Baptist Minister is portrayed. As the story progresses, that image becomes a haze and a more arrogant and devoted trait comes to light, towards the end, he seems possessed by his work, whereupon he forgets the welfare of his own family, remaining undeterred by the death of one of his own children. This, towards the end, seems slightly unrealistic and immoral. However, the presence of this possibility is definitely strong. Allie seems like a genuinely outgoing and friendly person at the beginning, and this is completely believable. Many people use the same cover of saying that they are all equal in order to get work done. His depression also seems very lifelike as he seems to be completely shattered when he sees his beloved Ice Machine blow up. Yet, towards the end, he does seem also obsessed with the idea of exploring new possibilities. He does go paranoid, thinking that his family is against him, so he forces them to sit on their home-turned-boat and decides to go upriver. When the rotor breaks away from the main engine, Allie goes underwater to get it. Due to his extended period underwater, his family worries and Charlie gets the idea of heading back downriver to get help from Mr. Haddy, and quite possibly also return to America. As soon as this idea is shared, Allie comes up and realizes that his own kids are conspiring against him, and punishes them for it. This seems extreme, yet absolutely possible for a man who seems to be addicted to his goal. Not only do Nathan and Allie share similarities, but also their wives. Both Orleanna and Mother always seem to be following their husbands orders, yet at a point, they both realize that what they are doing is wrong. Towards the beginning, both wives are happy to see their husbands working outside, Nathan in the garden and Allie in the jungle clearing space for his house. Orleanna seems to realize quicker on in the story that Nathan could potentially get them hurt, and decides to speak up. This, comparing to Mother’s timing, seemed quite early. This could very likely due to the fact that Nathan seems uninterested in his family and Allie cares a lot about them. Mother only decides to go against Allie when they reach the Ocean and the whole family is rejoicing with the thoughts of returning to America, when Allie destroys their enthusiasm by saying that America isn’t there and that they weren’t going back. This made Mother question Nathans morality, whereupon the lack of enthusiasm spreads across the whole family. Allie goes from being a friend to a leader almost spontaneously. Orleanna starts to make plans of escape immediately after she gets better from hearing the news of the Congo going into an election period and that her family was staying through it, due to her husbands arrogance. She does eventually leave him, however, Nathan changes slightly in a way one may perceive apologetic. Allie, after burning Reverend Spellgood’s church bell, goes back to see his family leaving him, and says that they couldn’t live without them. When he gets shot, their family escapes with his injured body on the boat. All the characters in both the book and the movie seem incredibly lifelike as the stereotypical family is put into extreme conditions. This causes the stereotypical families, which generally include of the male being the leader f the house, the bread earner, and the females being the followers, commanding her children to follow her father and herself. This changes very quickly when the two families go through some trouble in their respective environments, causing the males to get angrier and the females to look out for the welfare of her children more than anything. Both men forget about the opinion of their families (Nathan, ofcourse, not caring about the ir opinion anyways), and seem set on doing everything possible, except return to the life of luxury. How to cite Comparision of Charecters in the Poisonwood Bible and the Mosquito Coast, Papers

Strategic Analysis Dell Inc

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Analysis Dell Inc. Answer: Introduction Dell Inc. is an American multinational, founded in the year 1984. The company is into computer and related products. Dell is also moving into new areas such as cybersecurity and data center design and management, and letting those new units operate more autonomously. The company has a revenue of $54 billion and it has close to100000 employees. Dell Inc. is in the elaboration stage of organizational lifecycle. In this stage part of the organization many split or be reformed such as Dell is doing (Bull Jobstvogt, 2016). Since this is so, this explains the process Dell is going through by seeing there are problems and producing formal solutions and controls to safeguard the organizations. Dell has its subsidiaries in various markets. The objective of this paper is to discuss the strategic analysis framework for one of the subsidiary of Dell Inc. The paper would discuss various internal and external factors that affects Dell Inc. in Indian market. It would include the factors like PEST, SWOT, etc. Based on the strategic analysis, the paper also discusses some of the recommendations for Dell Inc. in Indian market. Strategic Analysis Framework The decision to return Dell back to the companys entrepreneurial roots by affording divisions a level of autonomy similar to start-up companies could be seen as a wise move based on strategic decision making by founder Michael Dell. The PEST analysis for Dells subsidiary in Indian market can be discussed as: PEST analysis The factors under the PEST analysis can be discussed as: Political Legal: The political and legal factors are positive for Dell Inc. as governments want that the companies in computer and IT sector to grow as it would mean more job opportunities in the region (Cricelli Greco, 2013). India is a developing country and current government is pro development. The Indian government has opened its arms for foreign players. Economic: The economic factors are positive and it is expected that the economy of developed and developing nations would continue to grow at decent growth rate. It is expected that Indian economy would continue to grow at a CAGR (Compounded Annual Growth Rate) of 6% (Kiron Kruschwitz, 2013). Social: Today, laptops have emerged as a necessity for different people. Therefore, the social factors can be termed as positive. In India, the laptop has become a necessity product for high class people, students and upper middle class. It is expected that the penetration of laptop would further increase in the Indian market. Technological: There has been several advancements in IT industry. The technology factors are positive for players in this industry. However, the only factor of concern is the low product life. India has seen various technological advancements and it is expected that the technological factors would remain positive for Dell in India market. SWOT analysis The SWOT analysis for Dell Inc. India subsidiary can be discussed as: 2.2.1 STRENGTHS The ability to provide customized laptops with minimum lead time. The effective and efficient supply chain that helps Dell to optimize its cost of operation be it in any part of the world The strong legacy of Dell and its brand name in the market The cost leadership advantage that Dell has in various markets 2.2.2 WEAKNESSES It seems to me that Dell, Inc. is an organization in the midst of what Daft (2015) described as the elaboration stage. One of major weaknesses of Dell is its internal bureaucracy. Another weakness of the company is limited visibility of mid-level management in the organizations. 2.2.4 THREATS The biggest threat for Dell is the threat from competition like HP and Sony. HP and Sony are big name in Indian market and captures a good amount of market. There also exists threat from the external factors like legal factors in different regions, the government regulations, fluctuating market conditions, etc. There also exists some threat from the suppliers as they can increase the cost of raw material (Cricelli Greco, 2013) Another threat is the low switching cost of customers. Indian consumers are price sensitive and they have less brand loyalty 2.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES Huge opportunity of standard products in emerging markets: When Dell first come out it only offered products that were custom built and had to be ordered direct from Dell. Although this strategy worked well at the onset, consumers often do not want to wait and are happy with the off-the-self model that could be found in their local area at retailers even it is a limited selection as it competitors have. Porter five forces analysis The five forces analysis for computer and electronics industry can be discussed as: Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers is average. The companies like Dell has the options to choose from number of suppliers. At the same time, there also exists some threat from the suppliers as they can increase the cost of raw material. Dell does not have its suppliers base in India. However, it has to source materials form its international supplier base. Bargaining power of buyers: The bargaining power of buyer is high as customer switching cost is very low. Indian consumers are price sensitive and they have less brand loyalty. They would easily switch to HP or Sony or any other brand, Threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants is average. The entry barriers are limited. However, it is difficult to achieve the scale of large companies like Dell and HP (Colombo, 2016). Threat of substitutes: The threat of substitute is high in this industry. In recent times, the tablets and mobile phones have emerged as biggest substitute to laptops. The mobile penetration is very high in Indian market. There are few segments Indian consumers who would often want to have mobile phone or tablet with an Internet connection rather than a laptop. Industry rivalry: The industry rivalry is high in the industry. The competition is really in this industry. HP and Sony are big name in Indian market and captures a good amount of market. Four corner analysis Porter's four corners model is a predictive tool designed by Michael Porter that helps in determining a competitor's course of action. The four corner of Porters four models can be discussed as: 2.4.1 Motivation Drivers This helps in determining competitor's action by understanding their goals and current position. A gap between these two would mean that competitor is likely to reach to the external threats. A narrow gap could mean that competitor would have a defensive strategy (David David, 2014). In Indian context, the gap is high as HP is one of the largest player in Indian market. 2.4.2 Motivation Management Assumptions This corner focuses on perception of competitor about its strengths and weaknesses, culture, belief and goals, etc. (Landoni Dell'Era, 2016). Dell India is a known player in Indian laptop market; however, it cannot ignore the competition as competition is high. 2.4.3 Actions Strategy It means the strategy with which the competitor is operating in the market. It could be cost leadership strategy, product differentiation or any other strategy. The players like Apple and Sony focuses on product differentiation in Indian market. The players like HP, Lenovo focuses on cost leadership in Indian market. 2.4.4 Actions capabilities It means the ability of competitor to respond to external threats and external forces. The competitors like HP, IBM, Apple are big names that can address external threats very swiftly. These companies have deep pockets and high risk appetite to keep continue in the Indian market (Gormley, 2010). Value chain analysis The value chain for Dell Inc. can be shown as: Dell being in the elaboration stage; which is a do or die stage for most organizations. As they are pressured to adjust to the industry overall as a whole the organizations have taken a major hit on the side of profitability. In this stage of elaboration this is critical because of the moral of the company. Management may be challenged to adjust to a more organic style of management, which would be great however, it may be too late for Dell, Inc. However, they could try the collectivity stage where its the responsibility of leaders and marketing managers to take all the people together (Purkayastha, 2016). It is important to mention that revisiting the vision and the mission may require if Dell changes its product lines. The marketing activities at Dell can also change based on the vision and mission and this can only be successful if top level management are open to the input from its lower level employees. Recommendations The key recommendations for Dell Inc. can be discussed as: Dell should certainly increase its focus in the emerging markets. Trying a new market such as corporate mighty be a good experience however, with HP as a competitor its going to be difficult to keep up (David David, 2014). Dell India is doing good and it is recommended that Dell Inc. should increase its focus on its Indian subsidiary. It is recommended that Dell India must continue its path of cost leadership. The customers in the Indian market are cautious about the pricing of the product. Therefore, a good strategy for Dell India in Indian market would be to use the cost leadership strategy. Dell must invest on its research and development. In this industry, the product lifecycle is low and every year there are new and upgraded products in the market. It is critical to keep an eye on the emerging markets and then develop the firm level strategy (Abraham, 2013). Conclusion The above paper discusses the strategic analysis for Dell India. The Dell Inc. scenario is a good example of a company that had great performance when the personal computer was introduced. However, it appears that the company was having internal struggles with the demands regarding the growth of the computer industry. The paper highlights that firms must have a control over its internal factors and a close watch over the external factors. Dell, Inc. by seeing this lack of alignment between its structure and process, decided to be flexible by changing its structure. That might be the best chance Dell has to get ahead of its larger tech rivals like HP. It is important that Dell must continue its strategy and focus to keep moving forward in the tough market condition. References Abraham, S. (2013). Will business model innovation replace strategic analysis?.Strategy Leadership,41(2), 31-38. Bull, J. W., Jobstvogt, N., Bhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., ... Carter-Silk, E. (2016). Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework.Ecosystem services,17, 99-111. Colombo, G., DellEra, C., Frattini, F., Landoni, P. (2016). Understanding virtual knowledge brokers and their differences with traditional ones.International Journal of Innovation Management,20(01), 1650015. David, M. E., David, F. R., David, F. R. (2014). Mission statement theory and practice: A content analysis and new direction.International Journal of Business, Marketing Decision Science,7(1), 95-110. Greco, M., Cricelli, L., Grimaldi, M. (2013). A strategic management framework of tangible and intangible assets.European Management Journal,31(1), 55-66. Gormley, T. A. (2010). The impact of foreign bank entry in emerging markets: Evidence from India.Journal of Financial Intermediation,19(1), 26-51. Kiron, D., Kruschwitz, N., Haanaes, K., Reeves, M., Goh, E. (2013). The innovation bottom line.MIT Sloan Management Review,54(3), 1. Landoni, P., Dell'Era, C., Ferraloro, G., Peradotto, M., Karlsson, H., Verganti, R. (2016). Design Contribution to the Competitive Performance of SMEs: The Role of Design Innovation Capabilities.Creativity and Innovation Management,25(4), 484-499. Purkayastha, A., Sharma, S. (2016). Gaining competitive advantage through the right business model: analysis based on case studies.Journal of Strategy and Management,9(2), 138-155.

A Critical Analysis of la Zola

How The Nursery Rhyme Eins, Zwei, Polizei Can Help You Learn German

How The Nursery Rhyme Eins, Zwei, Polizei Can Help You Learn German Learning German can a lot of fun if you use a simple rhyme. While Eins, Zwei, Polizei is a nursery rhyme for children, people of any age can use it as a game to expand their German vocabulary. This short rhyme is a traditional childrens song that can be sung or chanted to a beat. It includes very basic German words, teaches you how to count to ten or fifteen (or higher, if you like), and each phrase ends with a different word.   There are many versions of this popular and simple song and two of those are included below. However, dont stop with those. As you will see, you can make up your own verses and use this as a game to practice whatever vocabulary words you are learning at the moment. Eins, zwei, Polizei (One, Two, Police) This is the most traditional version of the popular German childrens song and  nursery rhyme. It is very easy to memorize and will help you remember numbers one through ten along with a few basic words. Both children and adults will find it to be a fun way to finish off your night with a little German practice.   This version of Eins, zwei, Polzei has been recorded by at least two German groups: Mo-Do (1994) and S.W.A.T. (2004). While the lyrics for the song by both groups are appropriate for children, the rest of the albums may not be. Parents should review the translations for themselves before playing the other songs for kids. Melodie: Mo-DoText: Traditional   Deutsch English Translation Eins, zwei, Polizeidrei, vier, Offizierfnf, sechs, alte Hexsieben, acht, gute Nacht!neun, zehn, auf Wiedersehen! One, two, policethree, four, officerfive, six, old witchseven, eight, good night!nine, ten, good-bye! Alt. verse:neun, zehn, schlafen gehn. Alt. verse:nine, ten, off to bed. Eins, zwei, Papagei (One, Two, Parrot) Another variation that follows the same tune and rhythm, Eins, zwei, Papagei demonstrates how you can change the last word of each line to fit the German words and phrases you are learning at the moment. As you can see, it doesnt have to make sense, either. In fact, the less sense it makes, the funnier it is. Deutsch English Translation Eins, zwei, Papageidrei, vier, Grenadierfnf, sechs, alte Hexsieben, acht, Kaffee gemachtneun, zehn, weiter gehnelf, zwlf, junge Wlfdreizehn, vierzehn, Haselnussfnfzehn, sechzehn, du bist duss. One, two, Parrotthree, four, Grenadier*five, six, old witchseven, eight, made coffeenine, ten, go furthereleven, twelve, young wolfthirteen, fourteen, Hazelnutfifteen, sixteen, youre dumb. * A  Grenadier  is similar to a private or infantryman in the military. It is understandable if you do not want to teach your children this last version (or at least the last line), which includes the words du bist duss because it translates to youre dumb. Its not very nice and many parents choose to avoid such words, particularly in nursery rhymes with younger children. Instead of avoiding this otherwise fun rhyme, consider replacing the last part of that line with one of these more positive phrases: Youre great - du bist tollYoure funny - du bist lustigYoure pretty - du bist hà ¼bschYoure handsome - du bist attraktivYoure smart - du bist shlauYoure special - du bist etwas  Besonderes How Eins, zwei... Can Expand Your Vocabulary Hopefully, these two examples of the rhyme will inspire you to use it throughout your studies of German. Repetition and rhythm are two useful techniques that will help you remember basic words and this is one of the easiest songs to do that with. Make a game out of this song, either on your own, with your study partner, or with your children. It is a fun and interactive way to learn. Alternate saying each line between two or more people.Complete each phrase with a new (and random) word from your most recent vocabulary list. It can be anything from food and plants to people and objects, whatever you think of. See if the other players know what that word means in English.Practice two- or three-word phrases on the last line.Count as high as you can and keep finishing off each line with a new word. See who can count the highest in German or who can say more  new words than everyone else.Try to create a theme throughout the song. Maybe your family is learning the German words for various fruits (Frà ¼chte). One line might finish with apple (Apfel), the next might end with pineapple (Ananas), then you might say strawberry (Erdbeere), and so on. This is one rhyme that has endless possibilities and it can really help you  learn the German language. Its hours (or minutes) of fun and can be played anywhere.

Law Enforcement U1IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law Enforcement U1IP - Research Paper Example Why is the Command of Temper Important to the Demeanor of the Typical Police Officer? With regards to the principle i.e. â€Å"No quality is more indispensable to a policeman than a perfect command of temper; a quiet, determined manner has more effect than violent action†, it has often been viewed that police department, in the early 19th century, accepted violence as a norm for punishing wrong–doers, resulting in categorizing the department as large bureaucratic structure along the military lines. The increasing trend of treating the offenders violently resulted in criticizing the department concerning their theories and policies on ethical grounds. Scenario, since then, has apparently changed in the 21st century, where ethical conscience and responsibilities in every sphere of the society is considered as incomparable. Thus, it can be stated that the command of temper is very important in respect to the demeanor of a typical police officer, which restricts the policem an to conduct any aggressive behavior that might result in breach of his ethical commitments (Olsen, 2011). Again, the principle of â€Å"the securing and training of proper persons is at the root of efficiency†, it can be affirmed that rights availed to a policeman, holds significant influence on the law enforcement efficiencies of a society. Apparently, if the rights are availed to wrong person, who is observed as incompetent to understand and likewise, responds to their responsibilities, it might impose grave consequences on the societal health. Therefore, it was considered as quite vital that the selection and training of policemen made in accordance to a set standard to proper personnel who will be suitable for the department (Olsen, 2011). Do you feel that enough has been done in Law Enforcement to Develop the Proper Demeanor of Law Enforcement Officers? As per my understanding, in order to implement the principle of maintaining a perfect command of temper amidst the po licemen, enough law enforcements have been done. For instance, the ‘Law Enforcement Code of Ethics’ has been finalized and is implemented to generate adequate awareness and oblige policemen to maintain ethical conduct remaining calm and focused by controlling their temper. However, the change in the ethical and the cultural ways of living amidst the current periled may highlight the need of changes in some policies (Lawriter LLC, 2008). Again, the law provisions enacted under the ‘4973.17 Commissions for special police officers - term of office – training’, states the different criteria which are necessary requirements for becoming a police officer. However, there are certain factors that can improve the Demeanor of a police officer if implemented during their training session (Lawriter LLC, 2008). If you were the Chief of Police of a Local Law Enforcement Organization with the Opportunity to Establish Guidelines on Developing the Demeanour of Law En forcement Officers, What Methods Would you utilize? In relation to the stated principle of â€Å"no quality is more indispensable to a policeman than a perfect command of temper; a quiet, determined manner has more effect than violent action†, it can be viewed that the main reason behind implementing the Code of Ethics in the police department is to generate moral awareness within the policemen

U.S. foreign policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

U.S. foreign policy - Essay Example The United States foreign policies have always been considered controversial – whether they are viewed as an American or as a foreigner. These policies have primarily been based on American and democratic interests being pursued beyond American shores.This expansion was also meant to empower its competition with the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, countries which were, at that time, considered to be more influential and more financially stable nations than the US.These policies were first laid out in the post World War II period as the country was starting to expand and flex its powers beyond its shores. The Second World War actually served as an equalizer for the US because much of Europe was in ruins as a result of years of fighting Germany. The US was able to gain strength and power politically and economically after WWII and it was also starting to voice its opinions and positions on the different international issues impacting on the global community. To some extent, in the 1950s and 1960s, the US was able to gain much progress in this regard. However, its actions in Korea, Vietnam, and in the Middle East were soon viewed with much cynicism and contempt by the countries affected and by other international watchers and international groups. In short, its actions were viewed as imperialistic and enterprising. For which reason protests and expressions of contempt and dislike for American policies were seen in different countries around the globe. However, it was also viewed with favor by other countries for its commitment to democracy and to freedom. Nevertheless, a closer scrutiny of the US policies in relation to different countries and regions of the world have prompted the surfacing of issues which have impacted much on the economy and the politics of these countries. In the Middle East for example, US interests in its oil products are considered a major consideration for American presence in the region. In turn, their presence has created muc h conflict among the people who see the US as nothing more than an enterprising nation. They object to the presence of American troops in the region, ostensibly sent to maintain peace and order, but to the locals, form part of America’s engine and plan for control over trade and political mandates and activities. In Asia, its presence in the region has been met with mixed reactions. Some countries consider it a â€Å"savior† a â€Å"hero† who has rescued them from Japanese rule. However, in some isolated groups in these very same countries, they are also considered to be opportunists who are seeking to use their natural resources for their economic ends. They are seen as a country which seeks to lessen tariff rates for their personal benefit and for the detriment of these Asian economies. In effect, the US policies are not welcomed with open arms, nor are they completely shunned – for even with these negative mutterings, these countries still know that th e US is the most powerful country in the world. With these scenarios, it is easy to see that the US foreign policies are filled with various angles for discussion which make for enriching knowledge in the field of economy and politics. These policies express the dominance of America in almost all international endeavors, including such endeavors in ensuring worldwide peace and freedom for all. Even as other nations do not share in its goals, the US seems to persist in its goals through its troop presence in the Middle East and in other countries which manifest with civil and political unrest. This paper shall now seek to discuss the US foreign policies in relation to the major events in the past years including the September 11 attacks, the Gulf Wars, and its War against Terror. These are subject matters which have borne much impact to the current status of US politics. This study is being conducted in order to establish a more academic understanding of the issues in relation to the US foreign policies. The Attacks of 9/11 Background The September 11 at

Discuss Unreliability In Shutter Island

Discuss Unreliability In Shutter Island Films more often than enough can demonstrate signs of unreliability and the majority of the time it is the narrator who is the cause of the films dubiousness. The dictionary definition of an unreliable narrator asserts that they demonstrate qualities and tendencies that denote an absence of reliability or perception of the narrative. Whether due to age, mental disability or personal involvement, an unreliable narrator provides the reader with either incomplete or inaccurate information as a result of these conditions.  [1]  As Wayne Booth once stated: I have called a narrator reliable when he speaks for or acts in accordance with the norms of the work, (which is to say, the implied authors norms) unreliable when he does not  [2]  . We are consumers of narratives which has given us the ability to identify unreliable stories. However as theoreticians, we are less well able to say what constitutes unreliability and how it is detected.  [3]  Shutter Island is a film adapted, from a novel, by Martin Scorsese; the film is within the film noir genre, with an unreliable narrator that, as result, plays with your mind and makes the film appear to be very ambiguous. Shutter Island is clearly shown through the perspective of a fallacious narrator. A narrators job is to reveal what is real in the narrative and, comparable to tellers in reality, the narrator may have it incorrect or would rather disclose what they deem to be true. On this model we perceive narrative unreliability when we perceive a disparity between the intentions of the implied author concerning what is true in the story and the intentions of the narrator concerning what she would have the reader believe.  [4]  Shutter Islands narrative follows this idea as throughout the film, the central characters perspective gradually becomes more and more inconsistent. The narrator successfully distorts the lines between fantasy and reality which as a result makes the audience struggle to distinguish between the two. It is not until half way through the film where we are initially required to consider the option that the protagonist himself is the one who is in fact mad. It is, to a certain extent, evident from the beginning that something is not right or clear. Scorse se suggests that the narrator is unreliable without explicitly revealing where the perspective diverges from an objective view of events  [5]  ; thus, we can, on no occasion, really believe what we are being shown. In many films it is possible to distinguish between dream sequences, flashbacks and concrete reality.  [6]  Shutter Island has all of these components however it is hard to distinguish which section is which. The unreliability of the narrator in Shutter Island is hard to decipher as the narrator does not really give us a motive to suspect Teddy. The uncertain characteristics of the island and of the establishment are reinforced with the blustery weather, but also visually with repeated long shots. These shots emphasize the remoteness and eeriness of the area as well as the uncanny diegetic and non-diegetic choice of symphony music. Furthermore, figures like Dr Cawlez (Ben Kingsley), Dr Naehring (Max von Sydow) or the warden (Ted Levine), not to mention the patients themselves, make it even easier to align oneself with Teddys judgment that what is happening on Shutter Island is uncanny.  [7]  It is as the film develops that Teddys illusions turn out to be more powerful and make his reliability dither. For example, during his discussions with Noyce in the prison, Dolores interferes as a hallucination and enhances the unsettling of Teddy. Whats more, Richard Dyer and Douglas Pye are two theorists who indicate with respect to film noir the way in which dream, flashback and voice-over structure cast into doubt the status-as-truth of the eventers presented  [8]  . In Shutter Island, Teddy repeatedly has memories and recollections of Dachau, which he recounts to Dr Naehring. These flashbacks however also blend with his dreams and as result become more detached from the proceedings happening in real life. This is an exemplar for the cooperation amongst the narrators partiality, recollection and trustworthiness, which we reexamine after the recognition of Teddys psychological condition. This unreliability persists all throughout the film and even at the end we are still unclear as to what is real. Furthermore, Shutter Island is made within the film noir genre. A key characteristic in film noir is that there will permanently be some form of a mystery. Shutter Island would be considered a neo-noir film due to the fact that it does relate or draw upon the notion, the image and the putative conventions of film noir, and, directly or indirectly, on some of the film featuring centrally within most version of the basic noir canon.  [9]  It has been affirmed that an element of the film noir genre is that the characters the story is centered on are mentally and emotionally vulnerable  [10]  and occasionally they are, or envision themselves, to be physically helpless too. Leonardo Di Caprio is the protagonist in Shutter Island; he has been through a distressing incident where his wife and children have died. He is plagued by images of his dead family and haunted by the fact he was unable to stop it; as a result, he is on a mission to find and murder his wifes murder. However, he is hampered by himself through his mental condition of suppression and deterioration which is the primary narrative impediment for the audience. A quote by Leonardo from the film Memento that sums this idea up: Memories can be distorted. Theyre just an interpretation, theyre not a record, and theyre irrelevant if you have the facts.  [11]   As a final point, when watching a film, we need to be conscious that nonentity may appear as it seems and that even the camera may be lying to us. Seymour Chatman once asserted that visuals are no more sacrosanct than words and that the camera can even conspire with an unreliable narrator  [12]  . In the genre film noir, this method of narrative disruption is very common, for example in the movie The Lady from Shanghai (Orson Welles), the cameras focal point is on the main character who is correspondingly the unreliable narrator, which is confessed by mistake in the introductory narrative. In Shutter Island red herrings can be discovered, however they are quite simply disregarded, which operates to subvert the narrative. Shutter Island supports this idea of not being able to trust the camera: one example is seen when Teddy fires his gun at Cawley where his blood is dashed all over the white board. However, shortly after the image we are presented with a shot that makes it appear as if nothing has occurred, that the gun is fake and the Cawley is still positioned in the same place and very much alive. It is clear in this sequence that the narrative discourse here is built for shock effect  [13]  ; however it also clearly demonstrates to the audience that Teddy and the camera are scheming with each other and that the camera is in actual fact Teddys coconspirator. In conclusion, it can be debated that Shutter Islands story occurs on six distinct planes which are the actual reality, the narrated reality, the perceived reality, the flashbacks, the dreams and finally the hallucinations  [14]  . It is difficult to differentiate each one throughout the film due to the fact that they all blend together which is what makes it confusing and difficult for the audience to extricate reality and the truth from the rest. As a result, the audience, between the unreliable narrator and the unreliable camera work, are left with unclear knowledge of what is really happening. Shutter Island strongly follows the film noir genre characteristics by leaving the revelation of what is real until the end, however, Shutter Island is slightly different to many common film noir films due to the fact that even the ending is slightly unclear, while it is generally supposed that the film will end with Teddys lobotomy as he is taken away by the orderlies in the final imag e of the film  [15]  . Due to the fact that even the ending is ambiguous, it is clear that Shutter Island has a very unreliable narrator which makes it difficult for the viewer to distinguish reality from the rest.

The structure of the play Blood Brothers

At the start of the play , w see the end of the play , a flash back, although at this point we do not know its the end , all we see is 2 men dead on the floor and a very mysterious and creepy music can be heard , leaving the audience wondering what is going on. Then we learn of what is going on as the narrator recites a passage that we here a few times in the play â€Å"As like each other as two new pins, of one womb born on the self same day, how one was kept and one given away? An did you never hear how the Johnston's died, never knowing that they shared one name till the day they died, when a mother cried, my own dear sons lie slain† this passage tells the audience what's happening and gives away the plot, but it doesn't ruin it for the audience as there is still information they do not know for example, how did they die? Why did they not know they were brothers? And lots more questions, causing them to be more indulged in the play. Complication The complication in the play is when Mrs. Johnstone is forced to give up one of her sons to Mrs. Lyons to avoid losing them both to social services or going into so much debt that she just couldn't look after them. If this part of the play didn't happen, there really would be no play as it would mean Eddie and Mickey wouldn't have to meet and they would never become blood brothers, Eddie wouldn't go to university because he wouldn't of been able to afford it and Eddie wouldn't of had the good job and been able to give Linda money later on in the play and give Mickey a job. Rising action Other small complications in the play that are added in to make it more interesting and add more action are important to the play also. The love triangle between Mickey, Eddie and Linda, without this part of the play Linda wouldn't have cheated on Mickey causing Mickey to get jealous and seek out Eddie to kill him at the end of the play. But another complication which was vital and the reason that Linda cheated was Sammie shooting the man and Mickey going to prison for it , if this didn't happen Mickey wouldn't of got depressed had to take his Tablets , he wouldn't of slowly pushed Linda away, and as I said , Linda wouldn't have cheated. Climax The climax of the play is obviously the end sequence which starts with Mrs Lyons who at this point in the play has become a paranoid wreck showing/telling Mickey that Edward and Linda are together, This is a catalyst for the ending everything in the play after this point speeds up (the music, the speech the movement) Mickey is outraged by what he now knows about his wife and Ex best friend so he runs home finds the gun that Sammie used to shoot the man earlier in the play and goes in search of Eddie , during this he the female characters realise what's about to happen and emotions hit there peaks â€Å"he's †¦. Mickey†¦. Mickey's got a gun† (Mrs. J) (p97) the tension and speed increases more and more as we get closer to the end. Shouting and screaming increases the tension, Mickey reminds the audience of what has happened throughout the play â€Å"FREINDS! I could kill you. We were Friends weren't we? Blood brothers, wasn't it? Remember?† then it finally hits the peak when Mrs Johnstone tells them there brothers and they both are shot, Mickey by the police officer then Edward by Mickey. Solution The solution, although sad is the two twins dying, if it wasn't for them not knowing they were twins the play would never have been, but nothing could be peaceful and right until the problem made at the start which was them, was taken away. The secrets and lies had to come clean for the play to be ended and that meant Mrs Johnstone had to learn from her mistakes, she had to be punished for her mistakes and the superstition which pays such a key part in this play had to come true. Finally we end the Play how it started with the mysterious Narrator repeating the passage said at the start â€Å"Did you ever here the story of the johnstone twins , As like each other as two new pins, of one womb born on the self same day, how one was kept and one given away? An did you never hear how the Johnston's died, never knowing that they shared one name till the day they died, when a mother cried, my own dear sons lie slain†. The narrator The narrator in the play plays a very important character in the play, like most narrators he tell the story, but this narrator is slightly more mysterious and complicated than most. He is a ghost like figure; He seems to always be there, but is never seen by the characters, he is truly like a ghost , in some parts of the play he touches the characters they turn round to see who it was but they seem to see nothing although the audience see him there. I have said that the narrator plays a ghost like figure other interpretations of him would be an evil spirit or the devil, I wouldn't Say he was ever like a guardian angel though because all his references are to bad things in the play, he is never really around when happy and comical parts of the play E.G when there children are playing guns but is ever present when tension and anger is involved in the scene , also his song â€Å"The devils got your number† suggests he may be the devil or an evil spirit in connection with the devil. The narrator also continuously refers back to superstition reminding the audience of a very key factor in the play. His lines are never blunt and straight to the point either, they usually are in riddles to make the audience think. Themes The themes in Blood brothers are constantly referred to and gone back to throughout the play, usually reminded to the audience by the narrator but also quite obvious in the play. The first is fate this is mainly shown through the flash back, we see what the ending is like and we are also told by the narrator so throughout the play we know its going to end up like the start. The second and proberly most important theme is superstition â€Å"new shoes on the table, take them off† this theme is a main factor of fear in the play , Mrs johnstone is forever scared to let Mickey and Eddie play and be friends as she is scared if they find out they are brothers they will both die , like Mrs. Lyons said. The final theme is love, love pays a key part and links with superstition Mrs Johnstone loves both her sons and doesn't want them to die , But due to the love triangle between Linda , Eddie and Mickey she has to tell them showing how destructive love really is. The love of different class's is also shown in the play, we see Mrs Lyons and upper class citizen being very over protective of Eddie because she loves him so much she doesn't want him getting hurt in comparison to Mrs johnstone who would rather show her love by letting Mickey enjoy himself and have fun. Dancing Dancing is referred to a lot in the play especially in a lot of the songs, were Mrs. Johnstone refers to a lover taking her dancing or not taking her dancing. Again dancing is compared in the two social classes in the play Mrs Lyons teaches Edward to dance in a very traditional way E.g. a Waltz, were as Mickey Dances to a disco music and Rocky music reflecting on the character as Edward dances a more mature and educated dance and Mickey dances a more playful Un educated dance which doesn't have much structure. Dreams and ambitions Every Character in the play has there own dreams and ambitions again these are Very different over the two social classes. To start though Mrs Lyons has the dream of having a child, so when Mrs. Johnstone comes to her with twins that she doesn't think she can look after Mrs Lyons jumps at the opportunity. In Mrs. Johnstone case she dreams of getting a new husband, moving house, Getting money, she also gets all the things she wants†¦ but these things seem to all cause problems later on in the play , for example Mrs Lyons gets her Child but ends turning into a paranoid wreck because she feels the burden of the secret of adopting Mrs J's baby illegally is always upon her. In Mrs Johnston's case moving house and getting a new man is really ruined as they move to were The Lyons family have escaped to and Mickey and Eddie grow up together, if this wouldn't of happened they proberly would of forgotten each other preventing both there deaths. Both Mickey and Eddies dreams and ambitions also cause destruction there dreams to be like the other seems to cause jealousy which eventually causes Mickey to shoot Eddie, Eddie's dreams of university separates the 3 friends leaving Mickey to fend for himself and make the wrong choices. So to sum up every ones dreams and ambitions seem to come true in the play but they all seem to backfire on the characters. Toy guns Toy guns is an issue covered in the play which causes many problems, when the characters are kids they play with toy guns as said in the song they can get up after a count to ten , they cant die when they play with toy guns they don't understand the dangers of guns , this lack of understanding is carried out into there adulthood and it results in Mickey being put in prison when Sammie pulls the trigger and shoots someone , but still Mickey does not learn his lesson, in the final scene when Mickey holds the gun to Eddie I don't think he means to shoot him , I think he is using it to scare Edward and due to his naivety when he shoots Eddie he kills him , he kills his own brother and best friend. He has never grown up, he is still a kid inside, but the weapon he holds has.